- 西曼陀罗
- The "western" (sa) maṇḍala is that of the Vajradhātu, as the "eastern" is of the Garbhadhātu.
Chinese Buddhist terms dictionary (Chinese-English). William Edward Soothil and Lewis Hodous. 2006.
Chinese Buddhist terms dictionary (Chinese-English). William Edward Soothil and Lewis Hodous. 2006.